Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Tin–Iron–Carbon Nanocomposite as the Anode of Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Tin–iron–carbon nanocomposite is successfully prepared by a sol–gel method followed by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process with acetylene gas as the carbon source. The structural properties, morphology, and electrochemical performances of the nanocomposite are comprehensively studied in comparison with those properties of tin–carbon and iron–carbon nanocomposites. Sheet‐like carbon architecture and different carbon contents are induced thanks to the catalytic effect of iron during CVD. Among three nanocomposites, tin–iron–carbon demonstrates the highest reversible capacity of 800 mA h g^?1 with 96.9 % capacity retention after 50 cycles. It also exhibits the best rate capability with a discharge capacity of 420 mA h g^?1 at a current density of 1000 mA g^?1. This enhanced performance is strongly related to the carbon morphology and content, which can not only accommodate the large volume change, but also improve the electronic conductivity of the nanocomposite. Hence, the tin–iron–carbon nanocomposite is expected to be a promising anode for lithium‐ion batteries.     

Stabilization of H3 + in the high pressure crystalline structure of HnCl (n = 2–7)

The particle-swarm optimization method has been used to predict the stable high pressure structures up to 300 GPa of hydrogen-rich group 17 chlorine (H_nCl, n = 2–7) compounds. In comparison to the group 1 and 2 hydrides, the structural modification associated with increasing pressure and hydrogen concentration is much less dramatic. The polymeric HCl chains already present in the low temperature phase under ambient pressure persist in all the high pressure structures. No transfer of electrons from the chlorine atoms into the interstitial sites is found. This indicates the chemical bonding at high pressure in group 17 elements is fundamentally different from the alkali and alkaline elements. It is found that almost perfectly triangular H₃ ⁺ ions can be stabilized in the crystalline structure of H₅Cl.     

Highly stable and reusable imprinted artificial antibody used for in situ detection and disinfection of pathogens

Sandwich ELISA methods have been widely used for biomarker and pathogen detection because of their high specificity and sensitivity. However, the main drawbacks of this assay are the cost, the time-consuming procedure for the isolation of antibodies and their poor stability. To overcome these restrictions, we herein fabricated artificial antibodies based on imprinting technology and developed a sandwich ELISA for pathogen detection. Both the capture and detection antibodies were obtained via an in situ method, with simplicity, rapidity and low cost. The peroxidase mimics, the CeO₂ nanoparticles, as signal generators were integrated with the detection antibody. The fabricated artificial antibodies exhibited not only natural antibody-like binding affinities and selectivities, but also superior stability and reusability. The detection limit was about 500 CFU mL^–1, which is much lower than that of traditional ELISA methods (10⁴ to 10⁵ CFU mL^–1). Furthermore, the capture antibody can disinfect pathogens in situ.     

Armendariz group rings

For a torsion or torsion-free group G and a field F, we characterize the group algebra FG that is Armendariz. Armendariz property for a group ring over a general ring R is also studied and related to those of Abelian group rings and the quaternion ring over R.     

Highly Ordered Mesoporous Cobalt-Copper Composite Oxides for Preferential CO Oxidation

Highly ordered mesoporous cobalt-copper composite oxides were prepared by the nanocasting method with various Co and Cu ratios. The catalysts obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N₂ adsorption–desorption, H₂-temperature programmed reduction, CO-temperature programmed desorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. All of the catalysts had uniform mesopores and high surface areas. The distinct catalytic properties of these well-characterized mesoporous materials were demonstrated for preferential CO oxidation. It is found that the mesoporous cobalt-copper composite oxides, exhibited the higher catalytic activity for CO conversion and selectivity compared with the mesoporous Co₃O₄ and mesoporous CuO. Among these catalysts the mesoporous cobalt-copper catalyst with Co:Cu molar ratio of 70:30, shows the best catalytic activity and the broadest operating temperature “window” for the high CO conversion in the range of 125–200^oC. The higher catalytic activity was attributed to the higher CO adsorption and oxygen vacancies.     

High-order total variation-based Poissonian image deconvolution with spatially adapted regularization parameter

Images captured by image acquisition systems using photon-counting devices such as astronomical imaging, positron emission tomography and confocal microscopy imaging, are often contaminated by Poisson noise. Total variation (TV) regularization, which is a classic regularization technique in image restoration, is well-known for recovering sharp edges of an image. Since the regularization parameter is important for a good recovery, Chen and Cheng (2012) proposed an effective TV-based Poissonian image deblurring model with a spatially adapted regularization parameter. However, it has drawbacks since the TV regularization produces staircase artifacts. In this paper, in order to remedy the shortcoming of TV of their model, we introduce an extra high-order total variation (HTV) regularization term. Furthermore, to balance the trade-off between edges and the smooth regions in the images, we also incorporate a weighting parameter to discriminate the TV and the HTV penalty. The proposed model is solved by an iterative algorithm under the framework of the well-known alternating direction method of multipliers. Our numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method, in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and relative error (RelRrr).     

人参属中药腐解化感作用研究进展

人参、西洋参和三七为人参属近缘物种,形态和化学成分相似,均具有连作障碍的特性。人参属中药连作后,土壤环境逐渐变得不适宜其生长,植株长势变弱易患病,导致生长发育受到抑制,出现严重的根腐病、须根脱落,甚至植株死亡现象。而造成人参属连作障碍的主要原因之一是化感物质的自毒作用,人参残体降解物作为人参化感物质主要来源之一,会导致种子发芽率下降,种苗死亡率升高、根腐病等病害加重,最终造成连作障碍。在人参属中药连作过程中,通过化感物质与土壤交流,也会直接或间接影响土壤理化性质的变化。对人参属中药腐解化感作用的研究进展以及腐解对土壤成分的影响进行综述,以期为人参属中药腐解化感作用及土壤利用的相关研究提供借鉴。     

Z-机制g-C3N4/Bi/BiOBr异质结光催化剂制备及其可见光降解甲醛气体研究

通过将BiOBr纳米片与g-C₃N₄复合,然后原位还原,合成了具有纳米花状结构的三元异质结光催化剂g-C₃N₄/Bi/BiOBr.对g-C₃N₄/Bi/BiOBr的结构、形貌、元素价态和光学性能等进行了表征和研究.评估了g-C₃N₄/Bi/BiOBr对气体甲醛的光催化降解活性. g-C₃N₄/Bi/BiOBr在可见光照射下降解甲醛的活性与g-C₃N₄、 BiOBr单体和g-C₃N₄/BiOBr二元复合物相比显著提高. 20%-g-C₃N₄/Bi/BiOBr复合物可以在60 min内(λ> 400 nm)降解80%的气态甲醛(初始浓度0.16 mg·L^-1).     

多共振热激活延迟荧光过程的理论研究

本工作借助第一性原理和动力学演化,系统地研究了四个叔丁基-咔唑及吩噻嗪取代的硼-氮化合物(BCz-BN、2PTZ-BN、Cz-PTZ-BN和2Cz-PTZ-BN)的多共振热激活延迟荧光的高效发光机制.结果表明上述分子T₁与T₂间的内转换速率远大于其它辐射与非辐射速率,同时T₂到S₁的反向系间窜越速率也高于T₁到S₁的反向系间窜越速率,因此其多共振热激活延迟荧光过程应遵循T₁→T₂→S₁→S₀的路径.进一步动力学演化表明,T₁与T₂之间的内转换主要发生在演化初期,随着时间的推移,能量逐渐由T₂向S₁转移,并最终在S₁完成荧光发射.上述研究揭示了多共振延迟荧光的微观本质,为未来设计及合成新的多共振热激活延迟荧光分子提供了理论依据.     

卤化物固态电解质研究进展

全固态电池因其高能量密度和高安全性而成为具有发展前景的下一代储能技术。开发具有高室温离子电导率、优异化学/电化学稳定性、良好正/负极兼容性的固态电解质是实现全固态电池实用化的关键。卤化物固态电解质因其优异的电化学窗口、高正极稳定性、可接受的室温锂离子电导率等优势,受到了广泛的关注。本文通过对近年来卤化物电解质的相关研究进行总结,综述了该类电解质的组成、结构、离子传导路径及制备方法,并分析了金属卤化物电解质的电导率、稳定性特点,归纳了近年来该电解质在全固态电池中具有代表性的应用,并基于以上总结和分析,指出了卤化物固态电解质的研究难点及发展方向。